An accumulator in sheet metal fabrication is a device used to store sheets of metal before they are fed into a processing machine. This allows for continuous operation by buffering the metal feed, reducing downtime for loading and enhancing workflow… Read more
In sheet metal fabrication, acid is commonly used in processes like acid etching and pickling. It helps in cleaning and preparing the metal surface by removing oxides and impurities, thus ensuring better adhesion of coatings or finishes. Read more
Adhesive in sheet metal fabrication refers to any substance used to bond two surfaces together. Typically used for laminating or joining parts without welding, adhesives must withstand stresses and environmental conditions pertinent to metal works. Read more
An air feed mechanism in sheet metal fabrication involves the use of pneumatic systems to advance sheets or parts accurately through a press. This setup enhances precision and speed in operations such as stamping or cutting. Read more
Sheet metal of aircraft quality is high-grade metal that meets stringent regulatory standards for strength, durability, and tolerance, essential for aerospace applications. This metal is characterized by its uniform composition and defect-free nature. Read more
The AISI number is a classification system established by the American Iron and Steel Institute to identify specific grades of steel. Each number reflects a specific chemical composition which defines the steel’s properties in sheet metal fabrication. Read more
An alignment key in sheet metal fabrication is a component used to align parts within a machinery setup. It ensures that components are positioned correctly relative to each other, which is crucial for maintaining the precision of operations. Read more
An alloy in sheet metal fabrication is a mixture of metals or a metal combined with one or more elements. Alloys are designed to improve properties such as strength, ductility, corrosion resistance, and thermal Read more
Alternating blanking in sheet metal fabrication is a process where the punch and die are arranged in a staggered manner. This method maximizes material usage by alternating the parts’ layout, reducing waste and improving yield. Read more
Aluminum killed steel is steel treated with aluminum to deoxidize and refine its structure. This treatment enhances uniformity and strength, making it ideal for sheet metal fabrication that demands a clean surface finish. Read more
Aluminum sheet metal is a lightweight, corrosion-resistant material used extensively in sheet metal fabrication. It is favored for its ease of machining and forming, making it ideal for applications in automotive, aerospace, and consumer goods industries. Read more
The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) establishes and promotes standards for sheet metal fabrication to ensure quality, safety, and efficiency in industry practices. These standards are widely adopted in the U.S. Read more
To amortize in sheet metal fabrication involves spreading the cost of equipment over its useful life. This financial approach helps businesses manage expenses related to high-cost machinery and equipment. Read more
Annealing is a heat treatment process for sheet metal that involves heating the material and then cooling it slowly to relieve internal stresses and improve ductility, making it easier to shape and fabricate. Read more
An anode is the positive electrode used in electrochemical processes, such as electroplating or anodizing, in sheet metal fabrication. It attracts electrons from the cathode, aiding in surface treatments. Read more
Anodizing is an electrolytic passivation process used to increase the thickness of the natural oxide layer on the surface of metal parts, enhancing corrosion resistance and wear properties in sheet metal products. Read more
An anti-spatter agent in sheet metal fabrication is used during welding to prevent spatter particles from adhering to surrounding surfaces, ensuring a cleaner work area and higher quality welds. Read more
Aqueous cleaning in sheet metal fabrication involves using water-based solutions to remove oils, greases, and other contaminants from metal surfaces, which is crucial for preparing the metal for further processing or finishing. Read more
An arbor in sheet metal fabrication is a shaft or spindle used to hold and drive cutting tools or wheels, essential for ensuring precision and efficiency in various machining operations. Read more
The arc in arc welding refers to the discharge of electricity through the air gap between the electrode and the metal, which generates heat to melt and join metal components in fabrication processes. Read more
As drawn refers to sheet metal that has been drawn through dies to achieve a specific shape and thickness without any subsequent heat treatment, maintaining the material’s mechanical properties as initially formed. Read more
As-welded cold rolled sheet metal is first cold rolled to achieve a thinner, smoother surface and then welded. This process is commonly used when high precision and a clean finish are required. Read more
As-welded hot rolled sheet metal involves rolling the metal at high temperatures and then welding it. This process is typical for applications where the material’s scale and less precise dimensions are permissible. Read more
In sheet metal fabrication, attenuation involves reducing the amplitude of a signal, vibration, or fluctuation within the machinery or in the metal itself to enhance the precision and quality of the fabrication process. Read more
Austenitic stainless steel is a type of stainless steel alloy known for its corrosion resistance and excellent formability, making it highly suitable for various sheet metal fabrication processes. Read more
An automatic blank feed system in sheet metal fabrication automates the supply of blank sheets into the press or machine, enhancing efficiency, reducing manual labor, and improving cycle times in production processes. Read more
A bad edge in sheet metal fabrication refers to an irregular or flawed edge resulting from cutting or processing. It typically requires additional finishing or repair to meet quality standards, as it can compromise the structural integrity or aesthetic of… Read more
In sheet metal fabrication, a bar is a long, rigid piece of metal that has a rectangular cross-section. It is used in structural applications where strength and durability are required, and can be cut and shaped to fit specific design… Read more
The base in sheet metal fabrication refers to the main body of metal on which processing is performed. It serves as the primary material from which parts are formed or cut, playing a crucial role in the stability and quality… Read more
Base metal is the primary metal used in sheet metal fabrication, onto which welding, coating, or plating can be applied. It typically determines the core properties like strength, ductility, and thermal conductivity of the fabricated item. Read more
In sheet metal fabrication, a bead is a raised line or strip created on a metal sheet through welding or rolling. Beads are used to add rigidity to flat sheets, enhancing their structural integrity and resistance to bending or warping. Read more
A beam delivery system in sheet metal fabrication involves the components that guide and control the laser or electron beam used for cutting or welding. It ensures the beam is accurately focused and directed at the precise points needed for… Read more
Beam diameter refers to the width of a laser or electron beam used in sheet metal fabrication. This diameter affects the resolution and precision of cutting or welding, with smaller diameters allowing for finer detail work. Read more
Beam divergence in sheet metal fabrication is the measure of how much a laser or electron beam widens over distance. Lower divergence results in a more focused beam, which is crucial for achieving high precision in cutting or welding operations. Read more
Beam quality is critical in sheet metal fabrication as it affects the efficiency and cleanliness of cuts. High-quality beams have consistent power and focus, which ensures smooth edges and precise cuts on metal sheets. Read more
In sheet metal fabrication, a beam splitter is a device that divides a beam of light, usually a laser, into two or more separate beams. This is useful in applications requiring simultaneous multiple cuts or in complex assembly processes. Read more
A bearing chock in sheet metal fabrication is a housing or support structure that holds and stabilizes bearings. It is crucial for maintaining the alignment and performance of rotating parts within machinery, such as rolls in rolling mills. Read more
Bearing-quality steels are high-grade steel used in the production of bearings which require extremely low levels of impurities. In sheet metal fabrication, these steels are valued for their durability and resistance to deformation under high stress. Read more
The bed in sheet metal fabrication machinery, like a press brake or a stamping press, is the base structure that supports the sheet metal being worked on. It is crucial for providing stability and ensuring accurate alignment during processing. Read more
A bend die is a tool used in sheet metal fabrication to assist in bending operations. It guides and supports the metal as it is forced into a new shape, ensuring that the bend is accurate to the specified angles… Read more
Bending is a fundamental process in sheet metal fabrication where a flat piece of metal is manipulated to form angles or curves. This technique is essential for creating structural components like brackets, enclosures, and chassis. Read more
A bending moment in sheet metal fabrication refers to the internal force applied to a metal piece to induce bending. This moment is critical in determining how much the metal can be bent without failing, affecting the design and integrity… Read more
A bending procedure outlines the specific steps and settings required to accurately bend sheet metal, including tool selection, bending sequence, and machine adjustments. This ensures consistency and quality in forming metal parts. Read more
In sheet metal fabrication, a bevel is an angled cut along the edge of a metal piece. This technique is often used to prepare the edges for welding or to facilitate better fitting of parts within an assembly. Read more
A bill of lading in sheet metal fabrication is a document issued by a carrier to acknowledge receipt of cargo. It serves as a contract for the transportation of goods and outlines the details of the cargo, destination, and terms. Read more
A binder in sheet metal fabrication is a tool or machine used to apply pressure to hold or secure layers of metal during processes such as bending, forming, or assembly, ensuring alignment and stability. Read more
In sheet metal fabrication, a biocide is a chemical agent used to prevent the growth of bacteria and other harmful organisms in metalworking fluids or on metal surfaces, thereby protecting the integrity of the materials and machinery. Read more
Blank wash is a cleaning process in sheet metal fabrication that involves removing debris and oils from metal blanks before they undergo further processing, ensuring clean surfaces for better machining, coating, or painting. Read more
Blanking is a sheet metal fabrication process where a press is used to punch out specific shapes from a larger metal sheet. This method is highly efficient for mass production of uniform parts, such as panels or brackets. Read more
A blister in sheet metal refers to a raised defect on the surface of metal caused by gases trapped during processes like galvanizing or painting. These defects must be addressed to ensure quality and aesthetics of the final product. Read more
A bolster in sheet metal fabrication is a thick plate or block used atop a press bed to support the die. This component is crucial for maintaining stability and precision during the stamping or cutting processes. Read more
Bonding in sheet metal fabrication is the joining of two metal surfaces using adhesives, brazing, or thermal welding. This process is essential for creating complex assemblies without altering the metal properties through excessive heat. Read more
Boost clamps in sheet metal fabrication are specialized clamps that assist in lifting and positioning heavy metal sheets on machines for processing. They enhance safety and efficiency by preventing slippage and misalignment. Read more
Boost bending in sheet metal fabrication refers to an enhanced bending process that uses additional mechanical or hydraulic force to bend thick or tough metals precisely, often used in heavy-duty applications. Read more
A bore in sheet metal fabrication is a smooth, cylindrical hole that is drilled or machined into a metal part. This feature is critical for parts that must house bearings or other mechanical components. Read more
A borescope in sheet metal fabrication is an optical device used to inspect areas that are typically inaccessible, allowing for internal evaluation of machinery and welded joints without disassembly. Read more
In sheet metal fabrication, a boss is a raised area or projection on a metal part, often designed to provide a mounting point for screws or other components. It is integral for assembling parts in automotive and aerospace industries. Read more
A boundary additive in sheet metal fabrication is a lubricant component that helps reduce friction during metal forming processes. It forms a protective barrier on the metal surface, enhancing the tool life and quality of the finish. Read more
A brake in sheet metal fabrication refers to a machine used to bend sheet metal. A press brake specifically uses a punch and die setup to create precise bends by clamping the metal sheet between them. Read more
Brake forming is a process in sheet metal fabrication where a brake press is used to make bends in metal sheets. This method allows for the creation of sharp, clean folds that are necessary for various structural components. Read more
A breakdown pass in sheet metal fabrication refers to the initial passes through a rolling mill that reduce the thickness of a metal slab. This stage is crucial for gradually achieving the desiredthickness of metal sheets in preparation for further… Read more
In sheet metal fabrication, a breakthrough refers to the point during drilling or cutting where the tool penetrates completely through the metal, often requiring careful management to avoid damage or burring. Read more
Brewster’s angle is a specific angle at which light with a particular polarization is perfectly transmitted through a transparent material without any reflection, useful in laser cutting processes. Read more
Bright annealed sheet metal is processed in a controlled atmosphere to avoid oxidation of the surface, resulting in a highly reflective and smooth finish that is ideal for decorative or functional uses. Read more
The Brinell test measures the hardness of sheet metal by pressing a hard ball into the metal’s surface and assessing the diameter of the indentation, indicating the material’s resistance to deformation. Read more
Brittleness in sheet metal fabrication describes a material’s tendency to break or shatter without significant deformation when subjected to stress, impacting how the metal can be handled and processed. Read more
A broken surface in sheet metal occurs when there is a crack or fracture, often resulting from improper processing or handling, which can compromise the structural integrity of the metal component. Read more
Buckling in sheet metal fabrication refers to the sudden failure of a metal under compressive stress, where it deforms significantly in one direction, often necessitating design considerations to avoid it. Read more
A burr is a rough edge or ridge left on metal after cutting or punching, which typically requires deburring to ensure safety and improve the quality of the final product. Read more
In sheet metal fabrication, a bus conductor is a strip or bar of conductive metal used in electrical busbars to distribute power efficiently across electrical systems, designed to minimize resistance. Read more
A butt joint in sheet metal fabrication is the simplest form of joint where two pieces of metal are aligned and joined without overlapping, commonly secured through welding, riveting, or bolting. Read more
A C-frame press in sheet metal fabrication features a C-shaped frame providing access from three sides, ideal for tasks like punching and forming, where such accessibility is crucial. Read more
A C-hook is a lifting device used in the handling of sheet metal and coils, shaped like the letter ‘C’ to hook under loads, facilitating safe and efficient transport within manufacturing facilities. Read more
CAD in sheet metal fabrication is software used to create precise drawings and models of metal parts, enabling engineers to visualize and adjust designs before actual cutting or assembly begins. Read more
In sheet metal fabrication, CAE (Computer-Aided Engineering) software assists in the simulation, analysis, and validation of products and processes, helping to predict performance and optimize designs. Read more
A caliper is a measuring tool used in sheet metal fabrication to accurately measure distances and thicknesses of metal parts, ensuring they meet specified dimensional tolerances. Read more
CAM (Computer-Aided Manufacturing) in sheet metal fabrication refers to the use of software and machinery to automate manufacturing processes, improving precision, efficiency, and repeatability. Read more
Camber in sheet metal refers to a slight curve or bend intentionally formed or naturally occurring in a metal sheet, which must be considered during cutting and assembly to ensure fit and function. Read more
Capped steel in sheet metal fabrication refers to steel that has been treated with a capping process during ingot casting to improve surface quality by removing impurities from the outer layer. Read more
In sheet metal fabrication, carbide refers to a compound of carbon with a more electronegative element, used in tools for its hardness and resistance to wear, crucial for cutting or shaping metal. Read more
Carbide precipitation occurs in stainless steel when heated in a certain temperature range, causing carbon to bond with chromium, potentially reducing corrosion resistance at grain boundaries. Read more
A carbon dioxide (CO2) laser in sheet metal fabrication is used for cutting and engraving because it offers a powerful beam that can precisely cut through thick metals while maintaining a clean edge. Read more
Carbon steel, used in sheet metal fabrication, is an alloy of iron and carbon. Its mechanical properties are dictated by the amount of carbon content, which affects its hardness and strength. Read more
Carburizing is a heat treatment process where iron or steel absorbs carbon while in a high temperature environment. This method enhances the surface hardness of metal parts. Read more
Case hardening in sheet metal fabrication involves hardening the surface layer of a metal part to enhance its wear resistance while retaining a tougher interior to withstand impact. Read more
Cast iron is a group of iron-carbon alloys with a high carbon content, making it easily castable. Its excellent fluidity and castability make it popular for complex metal parts in heavy industries. Read more
Cast welds are welds used to repair castings in sheet metal fabrication. This technique involves using a compatible filler material to fill defects or rebuild parts of the cast metal. Read more
Casting in sheet metal fabrication is a process where molten metal is poured into a mold to take a specific shape as it solidifies. It is used for creating complex or custom-shaped metal components. Read more
A catalyst in sheet metal fabrication is a substance that speeds up chemical reactions during processes like plating or finishing, without being consumed in the process. Read more
The cathode in a plating cell is the metal part to be plated. In sheet metal fabrication, it attracts the metal ions from the solution to form a coating on the surface. Read more
Cathodic protection is a technique used to control the corrosion of a metal surface by making it the cathode of an electrochemical cell, commonly used in pipelines and storage tanks. Read more
In sheet metal fabrication, a cavity refers to the hollow space within molds or dies where the molten metal is poured during the casting process to form metal parts. Read more
Center to center in sheet metal fabrication describes the measurement between the centers of two features, commonly used to specify the layout of holes, rivets, or fittings in assembled components. Read more
The centerline diameter in tube bending refers to the diameter measured from the centerline of the tube’s thickness, crucial for calculating precise bends in tube fabrication. Read more
Centerline radius is the radius of the arc that forms the bend in a tube or pipe, measured from the centerline of the material. It determines the tightness and angle of the bend in tube forming. Read more
The Charpy impact test measures the impact energy absorbed by a metal sample when struck. This test helps determine the toughness and notch sensitivity of metals used in sheet metal fabrication. Read more
Chatter in sheet metal fabrication refers to the vibration or oscillation that occurs during machining processes, causing undesirable, irregular marks on the metal’s surface. This can affect surface quality and precision, necessitating adjustments in tooling or machine settings to minimize… Read more
Check analysis is a quality control measure in sheet metal fabrication that involves verifying the chemical composition of metals through testing. This ensures the material conforms to specified standards necessary for the intended applications. Read more
In sheet metal fabrication, a chord refers to a straight line segment connecting two points on a curve or circle, often used in structural design and analysis to simplify complex curved or circular measurements. Read more
Circle grid analysis is a method used in sheet metal fabrication to measure the strain distribution on a sheet metal part after forming. This helps in adjusting the forming process to prevent defects and ensure uniform deformation. Read more
A circuit breaker in sheet metal fabrication is a safety device used to automatically interrupt power in the event of an electrical overload or short circuit, protecting machinery and operators from potential harm. Read more
The circumference is the total distance around the outer boundary of a circular piece of sheet metal. It is a fundamental measurement in the layout and cutting of circular metal parts, affecting material usage and design precision. Read more
A clamp die in sheet metal fabrication is part of the tooling used in bending machines to hold the metal sheet in place during the bending process, ensuring accuracy and consistency in the bend angle and location. Read more
Clamping in sheet metal fabrication is the process of securing a metal piece in place during operations like machining or welding to prevent movement and ensure precision in the final product. Read more
Cleanup in sheet metal fabrication involves the final finishing steps to remove burrs, sharp edges, and surface imperfections from metal parts, ensuring they meet quality and safety standards before assembly or shipping. Read more
In sheet metal machinery, a clutch engages or disengages the drive mechanism, allowing for controlled operation of the machine during sheet metal cutting or shaping processes. Read more
CNC (Computer Numerical Control) in sheet metal fabrication refers to the automated control of machining tools by a computer, enabling highly precise and repeatable operations for cutting, bending, and forming metal sheets. Read more
CNC Machining in sheet metal fabrication involves using computer-controlled machine tools to perform precise cuts, drills, and shapes on metal sheets, significantly improving efficiency, accuracy, and the ability to produce complex geometries. Read more
CNC sheet metal fabrication uses computer-controlled machinery to cut, bend, and assemble sheet metal with high precision. This technology enables complex shapes and tight tolerances, increasing efficiency and repeatability in the manufacturing process. Read more
A coating defect in sheet metal fabrication refers to imperfections such as blisters, flaking, or uneven thickness in the protective or decorative coating applied to metal surfaces. These defects can compromise aesthetics and durability. Read more
The coefficient of thermal expansion describes how the size of a material changes with temperature change. In sheet metal fabrication, understanding this helps predict and mitigate dimensional changes during thermal cutting or welding processes. Read more
In laser sheet metal cutting, coherence refers to the phase uniformity over time and space of the laser beam, influencing the cut quality and efficiency. High coherence enhances the laser’s ability to focus sharply and cut precisely. Read more
A coil in sheet metal fabrication is a long, continuous strip of metal wound into a roll. Coils are used as the raw material in many fabrication processes, allowing for efficient handling, storage, and processing. Read more
A coil car transports heavy rolls of metal coils to different machines within a sheet metal fabrication facility. It is essential for handling large volumes of material and maintaining efficient workflow in operations. Read more
A coil end joiner in sheet metal fabrication is used to weld the end of one coil to the beginning of another, ensuring continuous production without interruption. This tool is essential in operations requiring long runs of metal. Read more
The coil number is a unique identifier assigned to a specific roll of metal coil in sheet metal fabrication. It helps in tracking and quality control throughout the production process. Read more
A coil reel in sheet metal fabrication holds and dispenses coils of metal, allowing for controlled release and feed into processing equipment, crucial for maintaining material flow and tension. Read more
Coining in sheet metal fabrication is a precision stamping process that uses a closed die to create detailed impressions on a metal surface. This process produces high-definition features for decorative or functional purposes. Read more
Cold bending refers to the process of shaping metal into angles or curves at room temperature in sheet metal fabrication. This method maintains the metal’s original properties since no heat is applied. Read more
Cold drawing in sheet metal fabrication is the process of pulling metal through a die to reduce its diameter and improve surface finish and dimensional accuracy, often enhancing the metal’s mechanical properties. Read more
Cold reduction is a process where metal is reduced in thickness at room temperature in a rolling mill, increasing its strength and hardness through strain hardening. Read more
Cold rolled steel is metal that has been rolled at room temperature, below its recrystallization temperature, which increases its strength and offers a smoother surface finish than hot rolled steel. Read more
Cold sinking in sheet metal fabrication involves shaping a metal blank into a die without the application of heat, relying purely on mechanical force to form the desired shape. Read more
Cold working refers to the manipulation of metal below its recrystallization temperature, which includes processes like bending, rolling, and drawing to enhance strength and hardness. Read more
To collimate a beam in sheet metal fabrication means to narrow and align the light or radiation beam to be parallel. This is crucial in laser cutting for achieving precise and clean cuts. Read more
Commercial steel is a category of steel that is commonly used in sheet metal fabrication due to its versatility and moderate strength. It is suitable for a wide range of applications where extreme durability is not required. Read more
In sheet metal fabrication, compression refers to the force applied to condense or squeeze the metal, which can alter its shape and density, crucial for processes like forging or molding. Read more
Compressive stress in sheet metal fabrication occurs when a material undergoes a reduction in volume due to external pressure, influencing its ability to withstand buckling and deformation. Read more
A concave surface in sheet metal is curved inward, resembling the interior of a bowl or sphere. This shape is used in various applications, requiring specific tools and techniques to achieve. Read more
Conditioning in sheet metal fabrication involves treating the metal to reach the desired level of physical properties or surface quality. This might include processes like heat treating, coating, or mechanical finishing. Read more
A conditioning mill in sheet metal fabrication is used to finish and condition the surface of hot rolled steel by removing scale and other impurities to prepare it for further processing or coating. Read more
In sheet metal fabrication, confocal technology is often used in laser machining and scanning to focus a laser beam precisely on a single point, enhancing the accuracy and depth control of cuts or engravings on metal surfaces. Read more
Continuous casting is a process in sheet metal fabrication where molten metal is solidified into a “semi-finished” billet, bloom, or slab for subsequent rolling in the finishing mill, enhancing efficiency and yield. Read more
Continuous operation in sheet metal fabrication refers to processes that are designed to run uninterruptedly for long periods to increase productivity and reduce costs, such as in rolling or extrusion. Read more
Continuous wave mode in laser cutting uses a constant, unmodulated output of the laser beam to cut material, providing steady and efficient cutting power suitable for thicker or harder materials. Read more
A convex surface in sheet metal curves outward, like the exterior of a sphere. This shape is challenging to fabricate and often requires specialized tools and techniques to ensure accuracy and integrity. Read more
A coordinate measuring machine (CMM) in sheet metal fabrication is used for precise measurement of physical geometrical characteristics of an object. This machine helps in ensuring parts meet specified tolerances. Read more
The copper-copper sulfate test in sheet metal fabrication is a corrosion test used to identify the susceptibility of metals to corrosion in a sulfate environment, guiding the selection of metals for specific applications. Read more
Corrosion in sheet metal fabrication is the chemical or electrochemical reaction between a metal and its environment that results in deterioration of the material and its properties. Read more
Corrosion resistance refers to the ability of sheet metal to withstand damage caused by oxidization or other chemical reactions, often enhanced by material selection or protective coatings. Read more
A cost driver in sheet metal fabrication is any factor that causes a change in the cost of an activity, such as material costs, labor, equipment usage, or production volume. Read more
In sheet metal fabrication, CR typically refers to “Cold Rolled” steel, which is steel rolled at room temperature to achieve better surface finish and tighter dimensional tolerances. Read more
A crack in sheet metal fabrication is a fracture or discontinuity in the metal, typically caused by stress or imperfections in material properties, which can compromise the structural integrity of the part. Read more
In sheet metal fabrication, a crane is used to lift and move heavy or bulky metal parts and assemblies around the production facility, essential for maintaining workflow and handling safety. Read more
Creep in sheet metal fabrication is the tendency of a metal to deform permanently under the influence of constant stress at high temperature. This behavior is critical when designing components that will experience prolonged exposure to heat. Read more
Creep strength is the maximum stress that a material can withstand under a specific temperature for a specified period without experiencing significant deformation. In sheet metal fabrication, understanding creep strength is vital for components used in high-temperature environments. Read more
The Curie point is the temperature at which a metal loses its permanent magnetic properties, reverting to an unmagnetized state. This property is crucial in processes involving heating, as it affects magnetic handling and behavior in fabrication settings. Read more
Custom sheet metal fabrication refers to the process of cutting, bending, and assembling sheet metal according to specific customer designs and requirements. It allows for the creation of bespoke components and structures tailored to unique applications. Read more
Cut length in sheet metal fabrication refers to the specific dimension that a piece of metal is cut to during the fabrication process. Accurate cut length is crucial for meeting design specifications and ensuring the correct assembly of parts. Read more
Cut quality refers to the smoothness, accuracy, and cleanliness of the edge after cutting metal. High cut quality reduces the need for additional finishing processes, saving time and resources in sheet metal fabrication. Read more
Cut squareness in sheet metal fabrication measures how perpendicular the cut edges are to the sheet’s surface. This quality is essential for ensuring proper fit and alignment in assemblies. Read more
A cutoff die is used in stamping operations to separate parts from a strip or sheet by cutting along a specified line. This die is essential for ensuring clean cuts and consistent part dimensions. Read more
A cutting die is a specialized tool used in sheet metal fabrication to cut materials into specific shapes and sizes with high precision. This tool is crucial for mass production where uniformity and speed are required. Read more
Cutting insert refers to the replaceable part of a cutting tool used in machining operations. Inserts come in various shapes and materials, each suited for different cutting conditions and materials in sheet metal fabrication. Read more
Cyaniding is a surface hardening process where metal is heated in a cyanide bath. This method increases the surface hardness and wear resistance of steel, useful for components requiring high surface durability. Read more
The D of bend in sheet metal fabrication refers to the diameter of the bend, crucial for determining the bend radius and ensuring that the metal does not weaken or crack during the bending process. Read more
In sheet metal fabrication, a dart refers to a V-shaped cut or tuck made in the material to allow it to conform to a particular shape when formed. This technique is often used in creating complex or contoured designs. Read more
DBB (Double Block and Bleed) is a system used in piping applications within metal fabrication to ensure isolation and the safe removal of fluid or gas from the system between two closed valves and a bleed valve. Read more
Decarburization occurs when steel is exposed to high temperatures, causing a loss of carbon content at the surface. This can reduce hardness and wear resistance, which is a critical consideration in heat treatments and welding processes in fabrication. Read more
Decibel (dB) is a unit of measurement used to express the intensity of sound. In sheet metal fabrication, monitoring decibel levels is important for maintaining a safe working environment, as machinery can produce high noise levels. Read more
Deep-drawing steel is a type of steel specifically formulated for deep drawing processes in sheet metal fabrication, characterized by its ability to be stretched into deeper or more intricate shapes without tearing or wrinkling. Read more
A defect in sheet metal fabrication refers to any imperfection in the metal that compromises its usability, appearance, or structural integrity, such as dents, scratches, or inclusions. Read more
Deformation in sheet metal fabrication describes the alteration of metal from its original shape by processes such as bending, stretching, or compressing. This is controlled to achieve desired metal shapes and features. Read more
The degree of bend in sheet metal fabrication indicates the angle to which the metal is bent. Precise control over this degree is crucial for the accurate formation of metal components. Read more
Density of a material in sheet metal fabrication is its mass per unit volume. It is a critical factor in determining the weight and thickness of the fabricated metal, affecting its strength and structural properties. Read more
Deoxidation is a metallurgical process used in steelmaking where oxygen is removed from the melt before casting. This process improves the quality of the steel used in sheet metal fabrication by reducing impurities. Read more
A dereeler in sheet metal fabrication is a device used to unwind large coils of metal, feeding them into processing equipment smoothly and consistently to avoid tangles and ensure continuous operation. Read more
Destructive testing in sheet metal fabrication involves tests that permanently alter or break a metal sample to evaluate its physical properties, such as tensile strength and ductility. Read more
A developed blank in sheet metal fabrication is a flat piece of metal cut to the shape that, when folded or formed, will create the final intended component without any excess, ensuring material efficiency. Read more
A dewar in sheet metal fabrication is a specialized container used to store extremely cold or hot substances used in processes like tempering or cryogenic treatment, helping maintain temperature-sensitive materials. Read more
A dial caliper is a precision measuring tool used in sheet metal fabrication to measure the distance between two opposite sides of an object, offering high accuracy for ensuring metal parts meet design specifications. Read more
In sheet metal fabrication, a die is a specialized tool used in a press to cut or shape metal into a desired form through stamping, cutting, or bending. Dies are essential for producing consistent, repeatable shapes. Read more
A die accelerator in sheet metal fabrication enhances the movement of the die in a press, speeding up the stamping process and improving productivity by reducing cycle time. Read more
Die block refers to the main body of a die in sheet metal fabrication, which houses smaller components like inserts and bushings, and provides the structure necessary for enduring the high pressures of the stamping process. Read more
A die bushing in sheet metal fabrication is a component that aligns and supports the punch or other moving parts within a die assembly, ensuring precise movement and reducing wear during the stamping process. Read more
A die cart in sheet metal fabrication is used to transport heavy dies between storage areas and presses, facilitating quick changes and maintenance of die equipment, enhancing workflow efficiency. Read more
The die cavity is the part of a die in sheet metal fabrication that shapes the metal. Its design is the negative of the part to be produced, critical for achieving the precise dimensions and features of the final component. Read more
The die engineering process in sheet metal fabrication involves designing, testing, and refining dies. This process is critical to ensuring that the dies produce parts to the correct specifications and with high repeatability. Read more
Die maintenance in sheet metal fabrication is the regular inspection, cleaning, repair, and adjustment of dies to ensure they continue to function optimally and produce quality parts. Maintenance is crucial for prolonging die life and reducing machine downtime. Read more
A die rail in sheet metal fabrication is a type of guide or support structure within a die set that helps to align and stabilize the die components during the stamping or cutting process, ensuring accuracy and consistency in the… Read more
In sheet metal fabrication, a die riser is a spacer or block placed under a die to elevate it within the press machine, allowing for proper alignment and clearance during the die cutting process. Read more
A die set in sheet metal fabrication includes the complete assembly of the upper and lower die components that come together in a press to shape or cut metal. Each set is customized for the specific part being produced. Read more
A die shoe is the base or plate on which die components are mounted in sheet metal fabrication. It supports the die assembly within the press and ensures the correct alignment and secure operation during the forming process. Read more
Diffraction refers to the bending and spreading of waves around obstacles and openings. In sheet metal fabrication, laser diffraction impacts the precision of laser cutting by affecting the focus and intensity of the laser beam at the material’s surface. Read more
In materials science, diffusion is the process by which particles spread out as a result of random motion, often used in heat treatments of metals to alter properties like hardness and ductility. Read more
A diffusion-cooled laser in sheet metal fabrication is a type of laser that uses metal as a cooling medium, eliminating the need for external water or gas cooling. This setup is particularly advantageous for high precision and high-duty cycle laser… Read more
A digital caliper is a precision measuring tool used in sheet metal fabrication that provides a digital readout of the dimensions measured. This tool is essential for ensuring precise measurements of metal sheets, parts, or features. Read more
A dimple in sheet metal is a small depression pressed into the surface of a part to increase its rigidity or to add decorative texture. Dimples can also be functional, such as locating points for assembly or reducing material in… Read more
In electronics, a diode is a component that allows current to flow in one direction only. In sheet metal fabrication, diode lasers are used, which are semiconductor lasers that are efficient, reliable, and suitable for cutting and engraving. Read more
A diode laser in sheet metal fabrication is a laser device that uses diodes as its active medium. Known for their efficiency and compact size, diode lasers are used for cutting and welding applications requiring high precision and minimal heat… Read more
The distance between bends in sheet metal fabrication refers to the space between successive bends on a single piece of metal. Accurately maintaining this distance is crucial for ensuring the correct assembly and functionality of the final product. Read more
Distortion in sheet metal fabrication refers to unwanted warping or deformation that occurs during cutting, forming, or welding, often caused by uneven heating or cooling, which affects the dimensional accuracy of the part. Read more
Divergence in the context of laser beams used in sheet metal fabrication refers to the spread of the beam over distance. A lower divergence is desirable for maintaining focus and energy density over longer distances, which is critical for cutting… Read more
In the context of manufacturing and production settings, DOB commonly stands for “Date of Birth” of a part or product, indicating when it was manufactured. This can be crucial for quality control, inventory management, and tracking the lifecycle of parts… Read more
A dowel pin in sheet metal fabrication is a solid cylindrical rod, usually made from metal, used to align or join two parts together with precision. They ensure correct alignment and positioning during assembly, which is crucial for the mechanical… Read more
Downtime in sheet metal fabrication refers to periods when machines are not operational due to maintenance, repairs, or setup changes. Minimizing downtime is crucial for maintaining productivity and meeting production deadlines. Read more
A draw punch in sheet metal fabrication is used in drawing operations to shape a flat sheet into a three-dimensional form by pulling it into a die. This tool is critical for creating deep or complex shapes like cups or… Read more
In sheet metal fabrication, a drawbar is a mechanism used to secure and adjust tools or dies in machines, ensuring they remain in place during operations, which is vital for precision and safety. Read more
Drawing is a metal forming process in sheet metal fabrication where a punch draws the metal into a die to create a part with a specific shape, often used for making hollow or deep parts like pots and pans. Read more
Drawing steel is a grade of steel designed specifically for deep drawing processes in sheet metal fabrication. It is characterized by its high ductility, which allows it to undergo extensive deformation without fracturing. Read more
In sheet metal fabrication, drawn refers to the finished state of a component that has been shaped through the drawing process, which typically involves pulling the metal into a die to form a specific shape. Read more
Drive diameter in sheet metal fabrication refers to the size of the main drive wheel or roller that moves the metal through a machine. This measurement is crucial for matching with the metal’s thickness and the machine’s processing capability. Read more
A drive key in sheet metal fabrication is a component used to lock or engage a drive shaft to a wheel, gear, or pulley, ensuring the transfer of rotational force necessary for machine operations. Read more
The drive motor in sheet metal fabrication powers the movement of machines or components. Its capacity and power output determine the speed and efficiency of operations like rolling, cutting, or forming. Read more
Drive side refers to the side of a sheet metal fabrication machine where the main drive mechanisms are located. This side often contains the motor and transmission parts that initiate the operational cycles of the machine. Read more
A driven forming pass in sheet metal fabrication is a stage in rolling or pressing where the metal is actively shaped by mechanically driven rollers or dies, integral for achieving the desired contour and thickness. Read more
Driven pass refers to any part of a fabrication process where the metal is moved through machinery by powered rollers or belts, essential for consistent and controlled shaping or modification of the metal. Read more
Dross in sheet metal fabrication is the waste material typically formed during cutting or melting processes, consisting of impurities or residual metals that solidify and accumulate on the surface of the molten metal. Read more
Dry lube in sheet metal fabrication is a type of lubricant that provides a dry film to reduce friction between tools and the metal, often used in processes where liquid lubricants could compromise the quality or integrity of the workpiece. Read more
Ductility is a property of metal that refers to its ability to deform under tensile stress. In sheet metal fabrication, high ductility allows metals to be stretched into thin sheets or shaped without breaking, essential for many applications. Read more
A dump table in sheet metal fabrication is used at the end of a processing line to collect finished parts or scrap. It facilitates easy handling and sorting of materials post-production, enhancing workflow efficiency. Read more
In sheet metal fabrication, a Dutchman is a repair piece that is used to fix defects or replace damaged sections of metal. It ensures that the final product maintains structural integrity and meets design specifications. Read more
Dye penetration inspection is a non-destructive testing method used in sheet metal fabrication to detect surface-breaking defects. A dye is applied to the metal surface; any cracks or voids absorb the dye, making them visible under inspection. Read more
An eccentric in mechanical systems, including those in sheet metal fabrication, refers to a shaft or mechanism offset from the center. This setup is often used to convert rotational motion into linear motion or to apply force asymmetrically. Read more
An eccentric drive in sheet metal fabrication machinery uses an eccentric shaft to transfer rotational motion to another part of the machine, often used in presses and forming equipment to exert targeted force. Read more
An eccentric shaft features an axis that is not in the center of its bearings or body. In sheet metal fabrication, it’s used in mechanisms that require variable stroke lengths or to adjust the stroke of a press dynamically. Read more
Eccentricity in mechanical design is the degree to which a component or axis is offset from a specified reference point or axis. In sheet metal fabrication, it’s crucial for designing cams and related assemblies that require controlled motion. Read more
Eddy current techniques involve the use of electromagnetic induction to detect and characterize surface and sub-surface flaws in conductive materials, commonly used in sheet metal fabrication for quality control. Read more
EDM involves using electrical discharges or sparks to machine or remove metal, highly valued in sheet metal fabrication for producing intricate contours or delicate cavities that are difficult to achieve with conventional machining tools. Read more
Elastic deformation in sheet metal fabrication is a temporary shape change that is self-reversing after the force is removed, critical for understanding material behavior under stress. Read more
The elastic limit is the maximum stress that a material can withstand without undergoing permanent deformation. Knowing this limit is essential in sheet metal fabrication to avoid damaging the material during processing. Read more
Elasticity is a material’s ability to return to its original shape after removing the force that caused deformation. In sheet metal fabrication, elasticity affects how materials can be bent, stretched, or compressed during manufacturing. Read more
The electric furnace process in metal fabrication involves melting scrap metal using an electric arc furnace. This method is favored for its ability to precisely control the temperature and purity of the resulting metal. Read more
An electric resistance welded steel tube is made by forming and welding steel without the use of welding filler materials. This method uses high-frequency electric currents to heat the edges and forge a solid bond. Read more
Electric resistance welding is a welding process where heat generated from electric resistance is used to join metal pieces together. It’s common in sheet metal fabrication for constructing frames and structures. Read more
Electric sheet metal refers to metal sheets that are specifically used in electrical applications, where properties like conductivity or magnetic permeability are crucial. Read more
Electrical conductivity is a measure of a material’s ability to conduct an electric current. In sheet metal fabrication, this property is essential for selecting materials for electrical and electronic components. Read more
Electrical resistivity is a fundamental property that quantifies how strongly a material opposes the flow of electric current. This measurement is critical in choosing materials for applications requiring specific electrical characteristics. Read more
In sheet metal fabrication, an electrode is a conductor through which electricity enters or leaves an object, substance, or region. They are crucial in welding for melting metal, allowing the metal pieces to be fused together. Read more
Electrogalvanizing is a process in which a layer of zinc is applied to steel to prevent rusting through electrochemical means, offering protection while maintaining the metal’s conductivity. Read more
An electrolyte in sheet metal fabrication is a liquid or gel that contains ions and can be decomposed by electrolysis, commonly used in processes like electroplating to facilitate the flow of current. Read more
Electroplating involves coating a metal object with a layer of a different metal using electrical current to reduce dissolved metal cations so that they form a thin coherent metal coating on the electrode. Read more
Elongation refers to the extent to which a piece of metal can be stretched before breaking, indicating ductility. This property is crucial in determining the suitability of metal for various fabrication processes. Read more
Embossing in sheet metal fabrication is a process used to create raised or recessed designs in a metal sheet, enhancing its aesthetic appeal and structural integrity. Read more
An embossment refers to the raised or sunken design created on sheet metal through the embossing process, commonly used to increase rigidity or for decorative purposes. Read more
In sheet metal fabrication, an emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally unmixable. Emulsions are often used as coolants and lubricants during the cutting and forming processes. Read more
Enamel in sheet metal fabrication is a type of powdered glass that, when melted onto metal, forms a decorative, durable, glossy surface finish that is hard and resistant to corrosion. Read more
Enameled metal has been coated with a vitreous enamel layer, providing a hard, protective, and colorful finish that enhances resistance to wear and corrosion. Read more
The endurance limit is the maximum stress that a metal can withstand for an infinite number of cycles without failing in fatigue. This property is crucial in parts that will experience repetitive loading. Read more
An entry guide in sheet metal fabrication ensures the metal sheet is fed correctly into the machines, maintaining alignment and preventing malfunctions during high-speed operations. Read more
EP additive (Extreme Pressure additive) in lubricants used in metal fabrication protects tools and dies from the extreme pressures and temperatures encountered during operations like deep drawing and forming. Read more
ERW tubing (Electric Resistance Welded tubing) is made by forming sheets into tubular shapes and then welding the edges using an electric resistance welding process. This tubing is known for its strength and precision. Read more
An etch test in sheet metal fabrication is a method to check for material defects or to analyze the microstructure of a metal, involving the application of acids that reveal structural details by etching exposed surfaces. Read more
An external induction weld power supply provides high-frequency electrical power in induction welding processes, where electromagnetic fields heat the metal, leading to high-quality, efficient welding. Read more
Extra-deep-drawing steel is a grade of steel that can be extended into very deep shapes without losing its integrity, suitable for complex automotive and appliance parts. Read more
The extrados of a bent metal section is the outer curve or surface that stretches and thins, opposite to the intrados which compresses. Understanding this helps in assessing material strain and deformation during bending. Read more
An extreme-pressure additive in sheet metal lubricants is used to prevent wear and tear on tools during high-load metalworking processes by forming a protective coating on the metal surfaces, reducing friction and heat generation. Read more
An extrusion seam appears where the material flows together during the extrusion process in metal fabrication, creating a line or slight ridge that may require finishing to ensure structural integrity and appearance. Read more
Fatigue in sheet metal refers to the weakening or failure of metal due to repeated load cycles below the material’s ultimate tensile strength. It is crucial to consider in design to prevent unexpected failures in final products. Read more
A feeler gauge is a tool used in sheet metal fabrication to measure gap widths or clearances between parts, ensuring that assemblies are correctly aligned and fit together properly. Read more
Ferrite is a magnetic iron-based compound found in steel with a body-centered cubic structure, contributing to the steel’s strength and magnetic properties, commonly used in soft magnetic applications in sheet metal parts. Read more
Ferritic stainless steels are iron alloys with high chromium content, low carbon, and body-centered cubic crystal structures, known for their good ductility and resistance to corrosion at high temperatures in sheet metal applications. Read more
In sheet metal fabrication, a festoon is a system of rollers and controls used to manage and store strip metal or wire in loops before it is processed, ensuring material is fed smoothly into processing equipment. Read more
The fill ratio in sheet metal processes refers to the amount of space occupied by metal in a die or mold compared to its total capacity, important for ensuring optimal material flow and quality in casting or molding processes. Read more
A fin blade in sheet metal fabrication is used in the production of heat exchangers or radiators, designed to cut or form thin, precise fins in metal sheets for increased surface area and heat dissipation. Read more
The fin forming zone is the section in a machine where fins are shaped and added to components such as radiators or heat sinks, crucial for ensuring the efficiency and precision of fin placement and shape. Read more
A fin pass refers to the stage in tube mill processes where fins are formed or welded onto tubes to increase surface area, typically for enhancing heat transfer in heating or cooling applications. Read more
Finish in sheet metal fabrication refers to the final surface quality of the metal after all processing, such as grinding, painting, or polishing, is complete, which is crucial for both aesthetic and functional properties of the part. Read more
Finish machine size describes the final dimensions a sheet metal part achieves after all machining processes are completed, ensuring that the part meets the precise specifications required for its application. Read more
Finishing processes in sheet metal fabrication involve cleaning, smoothing, and enhancing the surface of metal parts to improve appearance, performance, and resistance to corrosion, including techniques like sanding and coating. Read more
Flame hardening involves using a high-temperature flame to heat the surface of steel parts quickly followed by cooling, creating a harder surface layer while maintaining a tough core, used for parts requiring wear resistance. Read more
A flange in sheet metal fabrication is a projecting flat rim, collar, or rib on a metal part, often used to strength or attachment points, stabilize structures, or connect pipes, plates, or sheets. Read more
Flange diameter refers to the overall diameter of a flange on a metal part. In sheet metal fabrication, this measurement is crucial for ensuring that flanges fit properly in their respective assemblies, especially in piping and container constructions. Read more
A flange wipe in sheet metal fabrication is a process used to create a flange on the edge of a metal part by bending the metal, typically using a wiping die that forcibly bends the metal as it is pulled… Read more
A flanged end refers to a metal part that has been finished with a flange, which allows it to be bolted to another flanged part. This method is commonly used for connecting pipes, tubes, or other structural components in constructions. Read more
Flanging is the process of forming a flange along the edge of a metal sheet or part. This process can be performed by bending or pressing the metal, often used to strengthen the edges or facilitate attachment to other components. Read more
Flash-in tubing involves a manufacturing process where excess material, known as flash, is formed inside a tube during the welding process and must be removed later to ensure a clean, smooth interior surface. Read more
Flash-removed indicates that the excess material produced during the forming or welding process has been eliminated from a part, typically to improve fit, function, or aesthetic of the final product. Read more
A flow-through design in sheet metal fabrication features a configuration that allows materials or fluids to pass through without obstruction, often used in filter housings or heat exchangers. Read more
A flower diagram in metal forming is used to depict the stages of forming a metal part, from the flat blank to the final shape. This visual tool helps in understanding material flow and deformation during the process. Read more
The flux leakage test is a non-destructive testing method used in sheet metal fabrication to detect discontinuities in ferromagnetic materials. It involves applying a magnetic field and detecting areas where magnetic flux leaks from the material. Read more
A flying cutoff machine in sheet metal fabrication is used to cut long products, like tubes and profiles, to length while they are still moving on the production line, optimizing production speed and efficiency. Read more
Forge temperature is the specific range of temperatures at which metals are heated before forging to make them pliable without melting. Maintaining optimal forge temperature is crucial for achieving desired material properties and shapes. Read more
Forge welding is a process of joining two pieces of metal by heating them to a high temperature and then hammering them together. This traditional method is often used for iron and steel. Read more
A forged weld is a joint created by the process of forge welding, where heat and pressure are applied to weld pieces together without the use of a filler material, resulting in a strong, durable bond. Read more
Forging is a metalworking process that involves shaping metal using localized compressive forces. It is known for producing parts that have high strength and durability due to the refinement of the metal’s grain structure through deformation. Read more
A fork truck, commonly known as a forklift, is used in sheet metal fabrication facilities to transport heavy or bulky loads of metal materials, facilitating movement from one part of the facility to another, improving workflow and safety. Read more
Gauge in sheet metal fabrication refers to the thickness of the sheet metal. It is inversely related to the number: the higher the gauge number, the thinner the metal. This measurement is crucial for selecting the appropriate metal for different… Read more
Ground pins in sheet metal fabrication are used to ensure a secure and reliable electrical ground that is essential for safe operations, especially in welding, to prevent electrical hazards. Read more
A guided bend test is used in sheet metal fabrication to measure the ductility of a metal after it has been welded. The metal is bent over a specified radius under controlled conditions to see if it can withstand the… Read more
Gun metal finish refers to a surface finish that gives metal parts a sleek, matte grey appearance, similar to traditional gunmetal. This finish is often sought for its aesthetic qualities and resistance to tarnishing. Read more
Hardness in metals refers to their ability to resist deformation, typically by penetration. In sheet metal fabrication, hardness affects how metals can be machined, formed, and used in final products. Read more
Hardness testing in sheet metal fabrication is the process of determining the hardness of metal by measuring its resistance to deformation. Common methods include the Rockwell, Brinell, and Vickers scales. Read more
Heat treating involves the controlled heating and cooling of metals to alter their physical and mechanical properties, such as strength and ductility, without changing the product shape. It is crucial for enhancing performance and durability. Read more
The heat-affected zone (HAZ) in sheet metal fabrication is the area of the metal that has had its properties altered due to the heat of welding. This zone can show changes in hardness and strength, affecting the overall performance of… Read more
A heatsink in metal fabrication is a component used to dissipate heat from hot parts, such as electronic components or high-temperature processes, to prevent overheating and ensure stability and longevity of the product or equipment. Read more
Hemming in sheet metal fabrication is a process where the edge of the sheet is folded over onto itself to create a smooth edge and increase the edge’s rigidity and safety by eliminating sharp edges. Read more
High-strength steels are steel grades that offer high strength and durability, often used in sheet metal fabrication for components that require strong, wear-resistant properties. They are typically used in automotive and structural applications. Read more
Hooke’s Law states that the strain in a solid is proportional to the applied stress within the elastic limit of that solid. This fundamental principle of elasticity is crucial in predicting the behavior of metals under stress in sheet metal… Read more
Hot band refers to steel that has been hot rolled at a steel mill but not yet cold rolled. It is generally thicker, coarser, and less refined, used as a precursor in further processing and finishing operations. Read more
Hot bending is a process in sheet metal fabrication where heat is applied to metal, making it more pliable before it is bent to a desired shape. This technique is often used for bending thicker or harder metals that cannot… Read more
Hot rolled steel is produced by rolling the steel at high temperatures, where it can be easily shaped and formed. This process results in a rough finish but is faster and less costly than cold rolling, suitable for many construction… Read more
A hot strip mill processes steel slabs into a hot rolled coil by reducing the thickness and rolling the steel at high temperatures, resulting in a product suitable for further processing or direct use in various industrial applications. Read more
Hot-dip galvanizing is a process where steel is submerged in molten zinc to apply a protective zinc coating that prevents corrosion. This method is widely used in construction and manufacturing due to its durability and cost-effectiveness. Read more
HSS or High-Speed Steel in metal fabrication tools refers to a special alloy that maintains its hardness at high temperatures, making it ideal for cutting tools like drills and taps that generate significant heat during operation. Read more
An impact test measures the ability of a metal to withstand sudden loads or shocks. This test is crucial in determining the toughness and britility of materials used in safety-critical applications. Read more
An inboard stand in rolling mills holds and supports the rolls close to the center line of the mill. It is essential for stabilizing the roll setup, especially in high-speed rolling operations. Read more
Inclusions in metals are non-metallic particles within the metal matrix, which can arise during solidification or by contamination. Inclusions can affect the mechanical properties and machinability of the metal, impacting the quality of the product. Read more
Induction bending is a process where heat induced by electromagnetic induction is applied to a specific area of a metal tube or pipe while it is being bent, allowing for precise control over the bending process. Read more
Induction Welding (IW) uses electromagnetic induction to heat the metal until it reaches a molten state and then pressure is applied to fuse the materials. This technique is often used for joining pipes and tubes. Read more
Industrial sheet metal work involves the creation and manipulation of sheet metal components for industrial applications. It includes cutting, forming, and joining processes, essential for the production of machinery, equipment, and structures in various industries. Read more
An ingot is a block of steel, aluminum, or other metal that has been cast into a shape suitable for further processing. Ingots serve as a primary material form for re-melting, forging, and rolling into more refined product forms. Read more
The inner diameter of a tube or cylinder in metal fabrication is the measurement of the hollow space within the object, crucial for applications where fit, flow, or clearance is significant. Read more
Lamination in metal fabrication refers to the process of bonding layers of metal together, often with adhesives or through welding, to enhance strength, reduce costs, or impart additional properties like electrical insulation. Read more
Lancing involves making a small cut or slit in a sheet of metal using a sharp tool. This technique is often used for creating vents, louvers, or opening up sections of sheet metal without removing material. Read more
Laser Cutting uses a high-powered laser beam to precisely cut or engrave materials, offering high accuracy and clean finishes. This process is preferred for its precision and ability to cut complex shapes in a variety of metal thicknesses. Read more
Laser cutting services provide precision cutting of materials using a high-powered laser beam, ideal for intricate designs and clean cuts. This service is widely used in sheet metal fabrication for its ability to produce precise, repeatable cuts and detailed patterns… Read more
Lean manufacturing is an operational strategy focused on minimizing waste within manufacturing systems while simultaneously maximizing productivity, often implemented in sheet metal fabrication to improve efficiency and reduce operational costs. Read more
A length encoder in sheet metal fabrication is a device used to measure the length of metal as it is processed. This ensures precise cuts and bends according to the design specifications. Read more
Leveling in sheet metal fabrication involves removing distortions and creating a flat surface in metal sheets. This is essential for improving the quality of the final product and ensuring it meets manufacturing standards. Read more
Line dies are tools used in continuous production processes in sheet metal fabrication. They allow for the forming of metal parts in a series of operations, increasing efficiency and throughput on the production line. Read more
Liquid lube in sheet metal fabrication is a lubricant that facilitates the movement of metal through machines, reducing friction and wear, and improving process efficiency and the quality of the final product. Read more
A lubricant in sheet metal fabrication reduces friction between tools and metal, protects against wear and corrosion, and can improve the surface finish of the final product. Read more
Machinability refers to how easily a metal can be cut, shaped, or drilled into without damaging the material or the tools used. This property is essential for determining the appropriate metalworking processes and tools. Read more
Machining in sheet metal fabrication involves removing material from a workpiece to shape it into the desired form. This includes operations such as milling, turning, and drilling, which are essential for creating precise metal components. Read more
Manufacturability refers to how easily a design can be translated into a physical product using available manufacturing techniques and materials. It is critical in optimizing production time, cost, and quality. Read more
In sheet metal fabrication, a mark is a line or indication made on the metal to guide cutting, folding, or assembly. It ensures accuracy and alignment in the final construction or component. Read more
A mass spectrometer in metal fabrication is used to analyze the composition of the metal, identifying the different elements and their concentrations. This is crucial for quality control and ensuring material specifications are met. Read more
A master coil is a large roll of sheet metal used in fabrication. It is the primary source of material for various manufacturing processes, where it is uncoiled and cut or shaped as needed. Read more
Material handling involves the movement, storage, control, and protection of materials throughout the manufacturing process. In sheet metal fabrication, efficient material handling is crucial to maintain productivity and safety. Read more
A Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) provides detailed information on the properties of a particular substance. In sheet metal fabrication, it informs workers about the safe handling of chemicals and materials used in the process. Read more
Material utilization measures the efficiency with which material is used in the manufacturing process to minimize waste. High material utilization is critical in reducing costs and improving environmental sustainability in fabrication. Read more
Maximum and minimum dimensions refer to the largest and smallest allowable sizes of a fabricated part or material, ensuring compatibility with other components and adherence to design specifications. Read more
The mean diameter is the average diameter of a cylindrical or spherical object, calculated by averaging multiple measurements across its surface. This measurement is important for quality control in sheet metal fabrication. Read more
Mean wall in sheet metal fabrication refers to the average thickness of the wall of a tubular part or container, calculated by averaging the thickness at various points. This measurement is crucial for ensuring uniformity in strength and durability. Read more
Mechanical properties of a metal include its strength, ductility, hardness, and elasticity. These properties determine how the metal behaves under various forces during fabrication and are critical for selecting the appropriate metal for specific applications. Read more
A mechanical punch press is a machine used in sheet metal fabrication to cut or shape metal parts with a die. It uses mechanical linkage to deliver force, suitable for high-speed punching, bending, and forming operations. Read more
A megapascal (MPa) is a unit of pressure or stress in the metric system. It is commonly used in sheet metal fabrication to describe the tensile strength of metals, indicating how much force a metal can withstand per square meter… Read more
Metal fabrication is the process of building machines and structures from raw metal materials. It involves cutting, bending, and assembling processes, which convert metal sheets, bars, and tubes into desired shapes and sizes. Read more
Metal fabrication services offer various processes such as welding, cutting, folding, and machining to create or assemble metal structures or components. These services cater to a range of industries, including construction, automotive, and aerospace. Read more
Metal forming in sheet metal fabrication involves shaping metal parts and objects through mechanical deformation. The metal is not removed but is typically altered in its shape through processes like rolling, bending, or stretching. Read more
Microhardness refers to the hardness of a material on a microscopic scale, typically measured using a microhardness test. This property is important for assessing the wear resistance and durability of thin coatings or small parts in sheet metal fabrication. Read more
A micrometer is a precision measuring instrument used in sheet metal fabrication to measure very small distances with high accuracy. It is essential for ensuring that the dimensions of a fabricated part are within the specified tolerances. Read more
A micrometer adjuster screw is a component of a micrometer that allows for precise adjustments to be made to the measurement settings, ensuring accurate readings during metal fabrication processes. Read more
Mild steel is a type of carbon steel with a relatively low amount of carbon, known for its excellent formability and welding properties. It is commonly used in sheet metal fabrication for a variety of applications, including automotive panels and… Read more
Mill oil is used in sheet metal fabrication to lubricate and cool metal during the rolling process. It helps in reducing friction and heat, protecting both the machinery and the metal sheet from wear and damage. Read more
Minimum wall thickness refers to the thinnest section allowed in the design of a metal part or structure to ensure safety, strength, and functionality under expected loads and stresses. Read more
The modulus of elasticity, also known as Young’s modulus, measures a material’s stiffness or rigidity by quantifying the relationship between stress and strain in elastic regions. This is crucial for designing metal structures to withstand operational forces. Read more
In sheet metal fabrication, mult refers to a tool or machine setting that allows multiple operations or processes to be performed simultaneously or sequentially, enhancing efficiency and productivity. Read more
Nominal OD (Outer Diameter) refers to the standardized or approximate measurement of the outer diameter of tubes and pipes, used for reference in manufacturing and fitting processes. Read more
Nominal wall refers to the standardized thickness of walls in tubing and piping, used for manufacturing and engineering design purposes to ensure consistency across batches and compatibility with fittings. Read more
Nondestructive testing in sheet metal fabrication involves various techniques used to evaluate the properties of a material, component, or assembly without causing damage, essential for ensuring quality and integrity in safety-critical applications. Read more
OD (Outer Diameter) refers to the external dimension of a cylindrical or circular object, such as a tube or pipe in sheet metal fabrication. It is crucial for ensuring that parts fit correctly within various assembly or installation settings. Read more
An open hem in sheet metal fabrication is a hem that is not sealed at the edges, allowing the edge to remain accessible or flexible. This is often used in applications where further joining or adjustment might be necessary. Read more
An open trough in sheet metal fabrication refers to a channel or conduit with an open top used for directing or containing materials or fluids, often used in construction and manufacturing settings for structural or utility purposes. Read more
An open-back inclinable press in sheet metal fabrication is a type of press that features an open back for easy material handling and can be inclined to facilitate the removal of stamped parts or scrap. Read more
An optical comparator in sheet metal fabrication is a device used to inspect the dimensions and shapes of manufactured parts using shadow graphs and optical magnification, ensuring they meet specified tolerances and quality standards. Read more
Orientation in sheet metal fabrication refers to the alignment or positioning of a metal sheet or component relative to the tools and machinery used during the manufacturing process to ensure accuracy and proper form in the final product. Read more
Out-of-plane refers to a deformation or feature of a sheet metal part that extends beyond the primary flat surface, often unintentional and considered a defect unless specifically designed for a functional purpose. Read more
An outboard stand in sheet metal rolling mills is used to support the end of rolling mill rolls, helping to stabilize the roll configuration and ensuring smooth and efficient material processing. Read more
Outer Diameter of cylindrical or round objects in sheet metal fabrication, such as pipes or tubes, is measured to ensure compliance with industry standards and to guarantee compatibility with fittings and other components. Read more
Outside Diameter is the total external dimension measured across a cylindrical or spherical object. In sheet metal fabrication, knowing the outside diameter is essential for the proper fitting and machining of parts. Read more
Ovality refers to the degree to which a circular object, like a tube or pipe, deviates from a perfect circle. This geometric tolerance is critical in applications requiring tight sealing or uniform structural strength. Read more
Overbend in sheet metal fabrication is the extra bending of a part beyond the intended angle to compensate for the elastic recovery of the material, ensuring that the final angle achieves the design specification after springback. Read more
Parent material in sheet metal fabrication is the original metal from which parts are made, typically referring to the base metal used in welding and joining processes. Understanding its properties is crucial for proper material processing and handling. Read more
A pass in sheet metal fabrication refers to a single complete operation or cycle through a machine or process, such as rolling or drawing. Multiple passes may be necessary to achieve the desired metal thickness or shape. Read more
A payout reel in sheet metal fabrication dispenses coil or strip metal as it is fed into a processing machine, helping to manage material flow and tension, which is crucial for maintaining consistent quality and efficiency in production. Read more
Peening in sheet metal fabrication is the process of working the surface of metal to improve its properties by mechanical hammering or blasting. This technique induces compressive stresses that help increase fatigue resistance. Read more
Perforating is a process in sheet metal fabrication where holes are punched through the metal to create a pattern, reduce weight, or improve functionality in terms of air or liquid passage. Read more
A perforator is a machine used in sheet metal fabrication that creates holes or a series of holes in sheet metal. This tool is essential for producing perforated metal sheets used in various industrial and architectural applications. Read more
Phosphating is a chemical process used in sheet metal fabrication to treat the surface of steel where phosphate layers are applied to provide better paint adhesion and increase corrosion resistance. Read more
A pick-and-place robot in sheet metal fabrication is used to automatically handle parts or materials, enhancing speed and precision in manufacturing lines while reducing labor costs. Read more
A pickle line in sheet metal processing is a production line where metal is treated in an acid bath to remove scale, rust, or other impurities to clean the metal before further processing. Read more
Pickling is a metal surface treatment used in sheet metal fabrication involving the immersion of metal in an acid solution to remove oxide scales, rust, or other impurities to prepare the metal for further processing. Read more
Pinheads in sheet metal are small, rounded protrusions formed on the surface of the metal during processes like welding or casting, often needing to be addressed in finishing processes. Read more
Pitting corrosion occurs in metals when localized spots, or ‘pits,’ corrode faster than the surrounding areas, often exacerbated by environmental conditions. It is a common issue in sheet metal that affects durability. Read more
The plane of bend in sheet metal fabrication is the flat surface along which the bending occurs. Understanding this helps in aligning and executing bends accurately during the fabrication process. Read more
Planish refers to the process of smoothing and flattening metal, particularly after it has been shaped or welded, using a hammer or other tool to refine the finish and remove imperfections. Read more
Plasma Cutting is a process in sheet metal fabrication that uses a plasma torch to cut through electrically conductive metals. It is valued for its ability to cut quickly and with precision through thick metal sheets. Read more
Plastic deformation in sheet metal fabrication occurs when the metal is permanently deformed beyond its elastic limit. This is essential for shaping and forming metal parts without breaking them. Read more
Plastic strain is the irreversible deformation that occurs when a material is subjected to stresses exceeding its yield strength, causing it to deform without returning to its original shape. Read more
The plastic strain ratio is a measure of a material’s ability to undergo plastic deformation in one direction without thinning in the perpendicular direction. It is critical in predicting the formability of sheet metal. Read more
Plating involves covering a metal object with a thin layer of another metal, such as gold, silver, or zinc, through electrochemical deposition. This process enhances corrosion resistance, electrical conductivity, or aesthetic appeal. Read more
Pounds per square inch (PSI) is a unit of pressure used to quantify the internal pressure, stress, or tensile strength of materials, including metals in sheet metal fabrication. It indicates how much force is applied within a square inch of… Read more
Precision sheet metal fabrication refers to the crafting of metal components and assemblies with exacting tolerances. Utilizing advanced technologies and skilled craftsmanship, this process supports industries requiring high accuracy such as electronics and aerospace. Read more
Prelube in sheet metal fabrication is a lubricant applied to metal sheets before they undergo forming or stamping processes. It helps in reducing friction and wear on the die and the metal, enhancing the quality of the finished product. Read more
Prephos refers to a pre-phosphating treatment applied to metal surfaces before painting to enhance paint adhesion and increase corrosion resistance. It is commonly used in automotive and appliance manufacturing. Read more
A pressure die in sheet metal fabrication is a tool used in bending operations to apply pressure and hold the metal sheet in place as it is bent to the desired angle. This ensures precision and uniformity in the bending… Read more
Pressure Die Assist in sheet metal bending machines helps to control the flow and bending of the metal by applying additional pressure, which assists in forming more complex or precise shapes. Read more
A pressure plate in sheet metal fabrication is a component of a machine that applies pressure to hold the metal in place during operations such as drilling or milling, ensuring accuracy and stability. Read more
Pretreatments in sheet metal fabrication involve processes such as cleaning, coating, or heat treating applied to metal before further manufacturing steps. These treatments prepare the surface and improve the metal’s properties for subsequent operations. Read more
A progressive die carries out multiple operations, such as cutting and forming, on a strip of metal as it passes through a press. Each station performs a different part of the overall process, efficiently producing complex parts in high volumes. Read more
PSI (Pounds per Square Inch) measures the pressure exerted by a force of one pound-force applied to an area of one square inch. It is a critical measurement in evaluating the strength and safety of materials in sheet metal fabrication. Read more
A pull system in manufacturing controls production by only producing items as needed by the next stage of the process or customer demand, reducing waste and improving efficiency in sheet metal fabrication. Read more
A punch in sheet metal fabrication is a tool that is pressed into a die to cut or shape metal in a press. Punches are critical in operations where precise holes or shapes need to be created in the sheet… Read more
Punch and die clearance refers to the gap between the punch and the die in a punching operation. Correct clearance is crucial for ensuring the quality of the punched edges and the longevity of the tools. Read more
The punch face is the part of a punch that comes into direct contact with the metal. It is precisely machined to match the desired shape and size of the hole or form to be punched out of the sheet… Read more
A punch holder in sheet metal fabrication holds the punch in place during the punching process. It ensures the punch’s alignment and stability, which is essential for accuracy and precision in creating uniform parts. Read more
A punch plate is the part of a punch press that supports the punch as it moves to cut or shape the metal. It must be robust and accurately aligned to ensure efficient and precise operations. Read more
Punching is a sheet metal fabrication process where a punch tool is used to create holes or cut out shapes from a metal sheet. It is a fast and cost-effective method for creating precise holes and cut-outs in large quantities. Read more
A punching assembly in sheet metal fabrication includes the punch, die, and any supporting hardware used to mechanically punch holes or shapes out of metal sheets. This assembly is crucial for precise and efficient production processes. Read more
In sheet metal fabrication, the r-value is a measure of a material’s resistance to deformation perpendicular to the direction of rolling. It indicates the ability of the metal to resist thinning during forming processes. Read more
Radial growth refers to the increase in diameter of a cylindrical object, such as a tube or pipe, during manufacturing processes like heat treatment or mechanical deformation, affecting the material’s dimensional accuracy. Read more
A ram die is part of a stamping or forming press that moves vertically to shape or cut the metal, driven by the ram of the press. It is essential for precise and consistent application of force. Read more
A recoiler collects metal strips or sheets as they are processed in mills or metalworking machinery, winding the material onto a coil. It is crucial for handling large volumes of material efficiently in continuous processes. Read more
The relief angle in cutting tools used in sheet metal fabrication reduces friction between the tool and the material, enhancing tool life and cutting efficiency by allowing easier chip evacuation. Read more
Return flow design in fluid dynamics and heat exchangers used in fabrication involves a configuration that allows fluid to circulate back to its source, optimizing thermal efficiency and uniform temperature distribution. Read more
In sheet metal, a rib is a raised strip that is pressed or formed into the material to increase its stiffness and strength, commonly used to reinforce panels and reduce material flex under load. Read more
Riveting is a process in sheet metal fabrication where metal parts are joined by rivets. Rivets are metal pins with a head on one end, inserted into holes of the parts being joined and then deformed to secure them. Read more
Robotic welding involves using automated machines to perform welding operations, ensuring high precision, repeatability, and efficiency. This technology is ideal for high-volume production runs with consistent quality demands. Read more
The Rockwell Hardness Test measures the hardness of materials by assessing the depth of penetration of an indenter under a large load compared to the penetration made by a preload. Used for assessing metal strength in fabrication. Read more
Roll bite is the area in roll forming operations where metal passes between two rolls. The geometry and pressure in this zone critically influence the deformation and quality of the rolled product. Read more
Roll feeds in sheet metal fabrication refer to systems that smoothly supply sheet metal to a stamping press or similar machinery, using rollers to ensure continuous and controlled delivery of material. Read more
Roll Forming is a continuous bending operation in which sheet metal, coil, strip, or plates are passed through consecutive sets of rolls that gradually shape the material into a desired profile. Read more
A roll shaft is a cylindrical shaft that holds the rolls in a rolling mill, transmitting power and supporting the rolls during the rolling process. It is crucial for maintaining alignment and stability. Read more
The roll shaft shoulder refers to the part of the roll shaft that provides a stop or bearing surface for the rolling assembly, ensuring the roll is securely mounted and correctly positioned within the mill machinery. Read more
Roll slip occurs when the frictional force is insufficient to drive the metal through the rolls during rolling, causing the rolls to rotate without effectively moving the metal. This can affect material quality and thickness. Read more
Roll space refers to the distance between the rolls in a rolling mill, adjustable according to the thickness of the metal being processed. Proper roll space is crucial for achieving desired material dimensions. Read more
Roll straightening is a process that uses rollers to remove deformities and improve the straightness of metal products, such as rods, bars, and profiles. This enhances the product’s dimensional accuracy and finish. Read more
A roll tooling set includes all the rolls and associated tools used in a rolling mill to shape and form metal sheets or bars. Each set is designed for specific types of metal forming processes. Read more
Rolling bolsters are movable platforms in stamping presses that allow for quick die changes, enhancing operational efficiency and reducing downtime in high-volume production environments. Read more
Root diameter in threaded objects or gears is the diameter of the bottom of the threads or the gear teeth. It is critical for determining the strength and fit of the threaded connection or gear engagement. Read more
A rope hem in sheet metal fabrication involves folding the edge of the metal over a rope or wire, reinforcing the edge and preventing sharpness, often used in banners or signs for added strength and durability. Read more
Rotary cutoff is a metal cutting process using a rotating tool or blade to cut metal as it moves past the tool, commonly used in tubing and pipe manufacturing for its precision and efficiency. Read more
Runout is the measure of the deviation from a central axis during rotation of a machine part, affecting precision and potentially causing uneven wear or vibration in the component. Read more
A runout table in rolling mills is used to support the metal as it exits the mill, helping to guide and collect the metal sheets or bars as they cool and stabilize after processing. Read more
Rust is the result of oxidation of iron or steel when exposed to moisture and oxygen, leading to corrosion. Preventing rust is crucial in maintaining the integrity and longevity of metal structures and components. Read more
In metal fabrication, a sawtooth wave is often referred to in the context of machinery vibrations or electrical signals that resemble the profile of a saw blade, affecting machine performance and part quality. Read more
Scalping is the process of removing the outer surface of a metal ingot, billet, or slab to eliminate impurities, defects, or oxidized material before further processing in rolling or forging. Read more
Scarfing involves removing surface defects or controlling edge shape in metal stock with a flame cutting tool. It prepares metal for welding or finishing by providing a clean, uniform surface. Read more
Scratches on metal surfaces usually occur during handling or machining and can lead to corrosion or failure in fatigue-critical applications. Minimizing scratches is important for maintaining material integrity. Read more
A seamless tube is made from solid round steel billets, heated and pushed or pulled over a form until the steel is shaped into a hollow tube. Seamless tubes are prized for their strength and uniformity in high-pressure applications. Read more
Semideveloped blanks in sheet metal fabrication are partially formed sheet metal pieces that require further shaping to become final parts. These blanks are intermediate products used to reduce lead time in the production of complex components. Read more
Setup blocks are precision-machined blocks used in sheet metal fabrication to quickly and accurately set the positions of tools and dies in machines, ensuring consistency and reducing setup time between production runs. Read more
Shearing is a cutting operation in sheet metal fabrication where a sharp blade is used to cut metal sheets or plates. It is typically performed on a shear press that can provide straight-line cuts of flat sheet metal. Read more
Sheet metal assembly involves joining various sheet metal parts together to form complete assemblies or finished products. Techniques such as welding, riveting, and the use of fasteners are commonly employed to ensure durability and functionality. Read more
Sheet metal bending is a manufacturing process where flat sheet metal is placed in a press brake and bent to a specific angle or shape. This process is fundamental in creating parts that have corners or angles, like brackets, enclosures,… Read more
Sheet metal bending software helps in planning and optimizing the bending process of sheet metal. It provides tools to simulate bending sequences, predict springback, and generate CNC codes for press brakes, enhancing efficiency and accuracy in metal forming operations. Read more
Sheet metal components are parts manufactured from metal sheets through various fabrication techniques including cutting, bending, and assembling. These components are integral to systems in automotive, electronics, and construction industries. Read more
Sheet metal cutting is a fundamental process in metal fabrication where sheet metal is sliced into desired shapes and sizes, using tools like shears, lasers, or water jets. This process is essential for creating individual components that are then formed… Read more
Sheet metal design involves the creation of detailed plans and drawings for fabricating metal sheets into specific parts or products. Effective design considers factors like bend radii, minimum flange lengths, and hole placements to ensure manufacturability and functionality. Read more
A sheet metal enclosure is a box or case made from sheet metal designed to protect electronic or mechanical components. These enclosures are commonly used in industries such as telecommunications, electronics, and industrial equipment for protection and housing of components. Read more
Sheet metal finishing involves various processes applied to the surface of metal parts to enhance appearance, improve corrosion resistance, or achieve other desired properties. Techniques include painting, plating, and anodizing. Read more
Sheet metal gauge refers to the thickness of sheet metal, typically measured in gauges or millimeters. The gauge number inversely correlates with the thickness; the higher the gauge number, the thinner the sheet. Read more
Sheet metal layout is the process of planning and drawing the initial flat form of a metal part before it is cut and formed. It ensures that the sheet is used efficiently and that the parts fit together as intended… Read more
Sheet metal manufacturing involves multiple processes to convert metal sheets into finished products or components, including cutting, bending, joining, and finishing. It serves industries such as automotive, aerospace, and construction. Read more
Sheet metal parts are components made from metal sheets fabricated to specific shapes and sizes, commonly used in various applications across industries like automotive, electronics, and construction. Read more
Sheet metal products are finished items made from metal sheets, including enclosures, chassis, panels, and brackets, crafted through processes like cutting, bending, and assembling. Read more
Sheet metal prototyping is the process of creating early models of parts or assemblies using sheet metal to evaluate a concept or test a design before full-scale production. This step is critical for reducing time and cost in product development. Read more
A sheet metal punch is a tool used in presses to cut holes or make indentations in sheet metal. It works by pressing the metal into a die in the desired shape. Read more
Sheet metal shearing involves cutting straight lines on flat sheet metal. Machines used include shears, which use sharp blades to apply a high-pressure shear force to slice the metal. Read more
Sheet metal welding is the process of joining two pieces of metal sheets using heat and/or pressure to melt and fuse them together, often with the addition of a filler material. It’s essential for fabricating durable metal assemblies. Read more
Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW), also known as stick welding, uses an electrode that conducts a current to create an arc between the stick and the metals being joined. This process is widely used due to its versatility and simplicity… Read more
Shimming involves inserting a thin piece of material, usually metal, to adjust the level or alignment of machinery or structural components. In sheet metal fabrication, shimming is critical for ensuring proper machine setup and part alignment. Read more
Shock in sheet metal fabrication refers to a sudden force or impact applied to metal, which can alter its shape or structure. Managing shock during operations like stamping is crucial to prevent damage to both the tooling and the material. Read more
Shrink flanging involves bending the flange of a metal part inward, reducing its circumference. This technique is used to accommodate complex geometries or enhance the fit of parts in assemblies. Read more
Shut height is the distance from the top of a press bed to the bottom of the ram or slide in a closed position. In sheet metal fabrication, correct shut height is essential for accommodating different die heights and ensuring… Read more
A sine wave in metal fabrication might refer to the periodic oscillation of voltage used in certain welding or cutting processes. It ensures smooth, consistent energy delivery, vital for precision work. Read more
Sizing refers to the final adjustment or finishing of a component to meet precise dimensional specifications. In sheet metal fabrication, sizing is critical for ensuring that parts fit correctly in their intended assembly. Read more
In metallurgy, a slab is a large, flat piece of steel that is thicker than a sheet or plate, typically used as a starting material in rolling processes to create plates, sheets, or strips. Read more
A slab laser in sheet metal fabrication uses a slab-shaped active gain medium for the laser, providing high power and efficiency. It is commonly used for cutting or engraving large metal sheets with high precision. Read more
A slabbing mill is a rolling mill used to produce slabs from ingots. It is an essential step in the primary metal manufacturing process, preparing the metal for subsequent rolling and processing. Read more
A sliding wedge is a mechanical device used to adjust the motion or force in machinery. In sheet metal presses, sliding wedges are used to adjust the stroke of the press to accommodate different tooling setups. Read more
Slip fit refers to a type of fit in engineering where one part can easily slide into another without significant resistance. In sheet metal fabrication, achieving precise slip fits is crucial for easy assembly and disassembly of parts. Read more
Slit edge refers to the edge of sheet metal that has been cut or trimmed using a slitting process. The quality of a slit edge is important as it affects the material’s performance in further processing and final assembly. Read more
Slit mult refers to multiple cuts made simultaneously in a single pass through a slitter machine in sheet metal fabrication. This process increases efficiency by producing several narrower coils from a wider one. Read more
Slit-to-width coil is a metal strip that has been cut from a larger coil to specific width requirements using a slitting process. This customization allows for precise use in various manufacturing applications, minimizing waste and improving material utilization. Read more
A slitter in sheet metal fabrication is a machine used to cut large rolls or coils of metal into narrower strips by passing the metal through sharp blades or knives. This process is essential for producing metal strips of specific… Read more
Slitter head is a component of a slitting machine that holds and secures the slitting knives. It can be adjusted to accommodate different widths and ensure precision in the cutting process. Read more
Slitter knives are the cutting tools used in a slitting machine to slice large coils of metal into narrower bands. These knives must be extremely sharp and durable to handle the high-speed cutting of various metal types. Read more
Slitting is a process in sheet metal fabrication where large coils of metal are cut into narrower strips using sharp blades. The process is critical for adjusting metal widths to suit specific industrial applications. Read more
Slitting burr refers to the rough or raised edge left on metal after slitting. This imperfection often requires deburring to ensure the metal’s quality and safety for further processing or end-use. Read more
A slitting line includes the machinery and components arranged for the slitting process in sheet metal fabrication, where large coils of metal are slit into narrower strips. The line ensures continuous and efficient processing. Read more
In metal stamping, a slug is the piece of waste metal punched out when creating a hole. Although often discarded, slugs can be recycled or processed in secondary operations depending on the project’s requirements. Read more
Softened metal has undergone a heat treatment process to decrease its hardness, making it more ductile and easier to form or machine. This treatment is often used before shaping operations in metal fabrication. Read more
Solid film lubricants in sheet metal fabrication provide a dry layer of lubrication, which reduces friction and wear between metal surfaces without the mess or contamination risk of liquid lubricants. Read more
A solid lubricant is a substance like graphite or molybdenum disulfide used in sheet metal fabrication to reduce friction between tools and metal surfaces. Solid lubricants are useful in high-temperature environments where liquid lubricants would evaporate or degrade. Read more
Solvent degreasing is a cleaning process used in sheet metal fabrication to remove grease, oil, or other contaminants from metal parts using chemical solvents. This process ensures that surfaces are clean for further processing or finishing. Read more
Spatter in welding involves small droplets of molten material that are expelled from the welding zone, often sticking to surrounding surfaces. It can affect the finish of the welded parts and may require cleaning post-welding. Read more
Special smooth ID refers to the exceptionally smooth interior diameter of tubes or pipes, achieved through precise machining or finishing processes. This characteristic is critical for applications requiring minimal friction and flow resistance. Read more
Springback occurs when metal tries to return to its original shape after being bent or formed. This elastic recovery must be compensated for in the tooling and processing stages to achieve the desired final dimensions in sheet metal fabrication. Read more
A square wave in metal fabrication refers to a waveform used in various welding types, especially TIG welding. It alternates between positive and negative values with sharp transitions, which helps in maintaining a stable arc and better heat control. Read more
Square-sheared blanks are sheet metal pieces cut in square or rectangular shapes before undergoing further processing. They are typically prepared using a shearing process, which provides uniform and clean edges essential for high-quality end products. Read more
Stamping is a sheet metal forming process that uses a stamping press to shape or cut metal sheets using dies and punches. This method is commonly used for high-volume production of complex shapes like panels and chassis parts. Read more
Steel grade refers to the classification of steel based on its chemical composition and physical properties. Each grade has specific characteristics that make it suitable for different applications in sheet metal fabrication, such as construction and automotive. Read more
Stock feed in sheet metal fabrication refers to the mechanism that supplies material to a press or machining center. Proper stock feed setup is crucial for continuous and efficient production, reducing material waste and operational downtime. Read more
Stop blocks are used in sheet metal machinery to limit the motion of a component, ensuring that movements are precise and repeatable. They are critical for maintaining consistent dimensions and alignments in batch production. Read more
Straightening is a process in sheet metal fabrication where distorted or bent parts are returned to their correct shape. This process is crucial for ensuring that components meet strict dimensional specifications and function correctly. Read more
The stress-strain curve is a graphical representation that shows the relationship between the stress applied to a material and the strain it experiences. This curve is essential for understanding the mechanical properties of metal in fabrication. Read more
Stretch flanging involves stretching a flange around a curve or corner without altering the material thickness. This technique is used to create complex shapes and features in sheet metal without compromising structural integrity. Read more
Stretching in sheet metal fabrication is a process where the metal is intentionally elongated to meet specific geometric requirements. This process is often used to prevent wrinkling or other deformities during bending or forming operations. Read more
A stripper plate is used in punching operations to strip away the metal sheet from the punch after cutting. It ensures clean cuts and prevents the material from lifting or sticking to the punch, improving process efficiency and safety. Read more
Stripping involves removing layers or coatings from metal, such as paint or rust, typically using chemical solvents, abrasives, or heat. This process is crucial for surface preparation prior to painting, welding, or other finishing processes. Read more
A stuffing box is a sealing component used in machinery to prevent leaks around a moving shaft. It is packed with material that compresses to form a tight seal, ensuring that fluids or gases do not escape from equipment during… Read more
Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) is a welding process that uses a granular flux to shield the weld zone from atmospheric contamination. This method is known for its high quality and efficiency in thick material welding applications. Read more
Surface roughness refers to the texture of a metal’s surface and is quantitatively characterized by the irregularities or deviations from an ideal flat surface. Controlling surface roughness is vital for functional and aesthetic qualities of finished parts. Read more
Surfactants in sheet metal fabrication are used to improve the effectiveness of lubricants and cleaners by reducing surface tension, which enhances their ability to spread and penetrate microscopic surface irregularities of metals. Read more
Synthetics refer to artificial lubricants used in sheet metal fabrication that offer superior temperature stability, reduced friction, and longer service life compared to conventional oils. Read more
T/D ratio (Thickness to Diameter Ratio) in sheet metal fabrication measures the thickness of the sheet relative to the diameter of the die used in processes like drawing or forming, critical for avoiding tears or defects in the metal during… Read more
Tailor welded blanks are sheets of different thicknesses, strengths, or coatings welded together before forming. They are used in automotive manufacturing to optimize material properties in different parts of a component, enhancing performance while reducing weight. Read more
Takt time in manufacturing, including sheet metal fabrication, is the maximum amount of time in which a product needs to be produced to meet customer demand. It is essential for synchronizing the pace of production with customer requirements. Read more
A tandem rolling mill consists of several rolling stands arranged successively, used in sheet metal production to achieve high-speed, continuous rolling of the metal, resulting in greater uniformity and higher efficiency in the finished product. Read more
In sheet metal fabrication, a tangent is the point where a curve begins or ends in the layout of a part. Understanding tangents is essential for accurately bending or folding metal. Read more
The tangent point in sheet metal fabrication is where the straight section of the sheet meets the curve of a bend. Accurately identifying tangent points is critical for precise metal forming operations. Read more
A teardrop hem is a type of fold in sheet metal where the edge is rolled over to form a smooth, rounded finish resembling a teardrop. This hem is used to increase edge stiffness and eliminate sharp edges for safety… Read more
Teeming refers to the process of pouring molten metal into molds during steelmaking. In sheet metal fabrication, teeming is crucial for creating ingots or billets that are further processed into metal sheets or plates. Read more
Temper rolling (also known as skin pass rolling) is a light cold rolling process used to improve the surface finish and achieve slight increases in material hardness. It is used in sheet metal fabrication to enhance the material’s surface characteristics… Read more
Tempering in metal fabrication involves heating previously hardened steel to a specific temperature below its critical point, and then cooling it, usually in air. This process decreases brittleness and increases the toughness of the steel. Read more
Tensile strength is the maximum stress that a material can withstand while being stretched or pulled before breaking. In sheet metal fabrication, understanding tensile strength is vital for selecting the appropriate metal for specific applications. Read more
Tensile testing measures the force required to pull something such as rope, wire, or a metal bar to the point where it breaks. In the context of sheet metal, it helps determine the mechanical properties of the metal, such as… Read more
Tension refers to the force applied to stretch, pull, or elongate a piece of metal in sheet metal fabrication. Managing tension is crucial in processes like rolling and drawing to prevent defects and ensure material uniformity. Read more
The Toyota Way is a set of principles and behaviors that underlie the Toyota Motor Corporation’s managerial approach and production system. In sheet metal fabrication, adopting these principles can enhance efficiency, quality, and continuous improvement in manufacturing processes. Read more
Thermal Cutting involves using heat to cut or shape metal, typically through processes like oxy-fuel cutting, plasma cutting, or laser cutting. This method allows for precise cuts and is effective for thick metal sheets. Read more
The throat in sheet metal machinery, such as a press brake, refers to the distance from the tool’s center to the back of the frame. This measurement is crucial as it determines the maximum width of the sheet that can… Read more
TIG Welding (Tungsten Inert Gas) uses a tungsten electrode to produce the weld, with inert gas like argon to shield it from contamination. It is prized for its precision and cleanliness, ideal for high-quality welds in stainless steel, aluminum, and… Read more
A tiger cage is a reinforcing structure in automotive fabrication, used to enhance the rigidity and safety of a vehicle chassis, especially in racing or performance cars. It involves a network of welded tubes that protect the occupants by maintaining… Read more
Tolerance in sheet metal fabrication refers to the permissible limit of variation in a physical dimension, a critical concept in ensuring that parts fit together correctly. Tolerances are key in engineering for specifying the allowed inconsistencies from the nominal dimension. Read more
Tonnage refers to the capacity of a press or any other forming machine in terms of the maximum force it can exert. In sheet metal fabrication, it is crucial for determining the equipment’s ability to work with specific metal types… Read more
Tool Steel is a type of carbon and alloy steel that is well-suited to be made into tools. Its hardness, resistance to abrasion and ability to retain shape at high temperatures make it suitable for dies and punches. Read more
Tooling refers to the process of designing and engineering the tools necessary to manufacture parts. In sheet metal fabrication, this often involves creating dies, punches, and other fixtures needed for mass production. Read more
Tooling Payback is a financial term used to describe the time it takes for the initial investment in tooling to be recouped through production savings. It is a critical measure in justifying the cost of new tools in sheet metal… Read more
Torque is the force that causes an object to rotate about an axis. In sheet metal fabrication, it is essential for machinery that requires precise rotational force to operate, such as screws and bolts in assembly processes. Read more
Total Elongation is a measure of how much a metal can be stretched or elongated before it breaks, typically expressed as a percentage. It is an important measure of ductility and quality in metals. Read more
The Toyota Production System (TPS) is a manufacturing methodology developed by Toyota that emphasizes efficiency and lean manufacturing principles, aiming to eliminate waste and improve continuous flow and customer value. Read more
Traction Power in the context of metal fabrication could refer to the power required to move metal through production processes such as rolling or drawing, ensuring consistent feeding and processing. Read more
A transfer die is used in stamping presses where a single die handles the workpiece through multiple stages from blanking to forming to finishing. This allows complex components to be manufactured efficiently in a single cycle. Read more
The transition area in metal parts is where the material undergoes a change in thickness or profile. Managing this area is crucial to avoid stress concentrations and potential weaknesses in the final product. Read more
Trimming in sheet metal fabrication involves cutting the edges or excess material from a formed part to achieve the desired size or shape. This process is essential for meeting final product specifications and improving the appearance and fit of parts. Read more
Tube diameter refers to the external diameter of a tube in sheet metal fabrication. It is crucial for applications requiring precise dimensional specifications for fitting, flow rates, or structural support. Read more
A tube mill drive powers the rollers in a tube mill, enabling the continuous forming and welding of metal strips into tubes. This component is essential for maintaining the speed and torque required for efficient tube production. Read more
Tube Mill Entry is the initial section of a tube mill where the metal strip is introduced and prepared for processing into tubes. Proper handling at the entry ensures quality and efficiency in tube production. Read more
A tube production facility specializes in manufacturing tubes from various metals. Facilities like these incorporate forming, welding, and cutting equipment tailored to tube fabrication needs. Read more
A tundish in metal casting serves as a reservoir that feeds molten metal into molds. It is crucial for controlling the flow and preventing impurities from entering the mold. Read more
In metal fabrication, a turnstile is a rotating device used to store and handle heavy coils of metal. It allows for easy loading, unloading, and movement of coils within the facility. Read more
Two side vertical support members are structural components that provide stability and support in various types of equipment and frameworks used in sheet metal fabrication, ensuring alignment and rigidity. Read more
A vernier caliper is a precision measuring tool used to measure internal and external dimensions and depths in sheet metal fabrication. It provides high accuracy and versatility in taking measurements. Read more
Vertical adjusting screw is used in machinery to fine-tune the height or level of a component, crucial for achieving precision in operations such as alignment and calibration in sheet metal processing. Read more
The Vickers hardness test measures the hardness of metal by pressing a diamond pyramid indenter into the surface and calculating the hardness based on the indentation size. It’s suitable for all metals and has a wide scale range. Read more
Viscosity in sheet metal fabrication refers to the thickness or internal friction of a liquid lubricant or coolant. Proper viscosity ensures effective lubrication and cooling during metal cutting and forming processes. Read more
In sheet metal fabrication, volume sensitive refers to processes or properties that are significantly affected by changes in volume, such as material handling or chemical treatment systems. Read more
Wall thickness is the measure of the thickness of the walls of a tube or pipe. In sheet metal fabrication, maintaining the specified wall thickness is crucial for ensuring the strength and functionality of the final product. Read more
Wall thinning occurs when the walls of a tube or pipe become thinner than intended, usually due to excessive machining or wear. It can compromise the structural integrity and pressure handling capacity of the tube. Read more
Water Jet Cutting is a fabrication method that uses a high-pressure stream of water, often with abrasive particles, to cut materials. It is prized for its ability to cut without thermal distortion and can handle a variety of materials. Read more
A weld bead is the deposit of filler metal on a workpiece by a welding process, forming a bond between two metal parts. The quality of a weld bead affects the strength and appearance of the weld. Read more
A weld pass is a single progression of welding along a joint. The number of passes required can vary depending on the thickness of the material and the type of weld needed to achieve the desired strength and penetration. Read more
A weld squeeze box in sheet metal fabrication is used in tube welding to apply pressure around the weld area to ensure a tight, consistent seal along the length of the tube. It helps improve the quality and strength of… Read more
A welded tube is formed by shaping and welding a strip of metal into a cylindrical form. The edges of the strip are joined together by welding to create a tube, commonly used in structural applications, conveyance systems, and manufacturing. Read more
A welded tube mill is a series of machines that continuously forms a strip of metal into a tube and welds the seam. It includes forming rolls, a welding station, and cut-off tools, designed for high-speed production of welded tubes. Read more
Welding is a fabrication process that joins materials, usually metals or thermoplastics, by using high heat to melt the parts together and allowing them to cool, causing fusion. Welding is distinct from lower temperature metal-joining techniques such as brazing and… Read more
An arc welding torch is a tool used in arc welding to conduct current through a welding rod, creating an electric arc between the electrode and the metal workpiece. This melts the metals at the point of contact, facilitating their… Read more
A wing die in sheet metal fabrication is a specialized die used to form features such as flanges or tabs at specific angles, commonly used in the automotive and aerospace industries for creating complex part geometries. Read more
A wiper die in tube bending is used to support the interior radius of the tube to prevent wrinkling or deformation during the bending process. It wipes against the material to ensure smooth bending and a consistent tube shape. Read more
Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is a process where a single strand of wire is used to cut or shape a metal workpiece through controlled electrical discharges, allowing for high precision cuts in complex geometries. Read more
Work hardening, also known as strain hardening, is the strengthening of metal through deformation. This intrinsic property increases the metal’s hardness and strength through dislocation movements within the crystal structure as it is deformed. Read more
The work roll shaft is part of the rolling mill that supports the rolling tools, transmitting torque and ensuring the precise reduction of metal thickness in rolling operations. It’s essential for maintaining consistent pressure and gap between rolls. Read more
X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is a non-destructive analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of materials. In metal fabrication, it is used for quality control, verifying alloy compositions and detecting surface coatings. Read more
A YAG laser (yttrium aluminum garnet laser) emits a wavelength of light in a solid-state using a YAG crystal. It’s used in metal fabrication for cutting, engraving, and marking applications due to its high intensity and ability to focus on… Read more
The yield point is the stress at which a material begins to deform plastically. Before reaching the yield point, the material will deform elastically and return to its original shape when the stress is removed. Read more
Yield strength is the amount of stress that a material can withstand without permanently deforming. It’s a critical mechanical property in sheet metal fabrication as it determines how much load a material can support without failing. Read more
Yield stress is the internal stress required to start plastic deformation in a material. In sheet metal fabrication, controlling yield stress is vital for predicting how materials behave under various manufacturing processes. Read more
Young’s modulus is a measure of the stiffness of an elastic material, defined as the ratio of tensile stress to tensile strain. It’s essential in sheet metal fabrication for determining how much a material will elongate under a particular load. Read more
Zinc coating is a corrosion-protective finish applied to iron or steel products, where the metal is coated with zinc to prevent rusting. The most common method is hot-dip galvanizing, where metal parts are submerged in molten zinc. Read more
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